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Grammatica de Interlingua (K. Wilgenhof)
Canzoniere (Rerum vulgarium fragmenta)/L'aura mia sacra al mio stanco riposo
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==English== {{wikipedia}} ===Etymology=== From {{etyl|enm}} or {{etyl|fro}} {{term|alcohol|lang=fro}} (modern French {{term|alcool|lang=fr}}), from {{term|sc=Arab|كحل|الكحل|tr=al-kuħl|[[kohl]]|lang=ar}} (by broadening).the etymology is conventionally given as {{term|sc=Arab|كحل|الكحل|tr=al-kuħl|lang=ar}}, dating to 1672,<ref>OED</ref> and has been promulgated by such authorities as Webster's Third New International Dictionary,which traces it through Middle Latin and Old Spanish.It entered English (and other European languages)by an alchemical term, by etymological broadening thence broadening to any distillates, thence narrowing to ethanol specifically. *Bartholomew Traheron in his 1543 translation of John of Vigo introduces the word as a term used by "barbarous" (Moorish) authors for "fine powder":''the barbarous auctours use alcohol, or (as I fynde it sometymes wryten) alcofoll, for moost fine poudre.'' *William Johnson in his 1657 Lexicon Chymicum glosses the word as ''antimonium sive stibium''. By extension, the word came to refer to any fluid obtained by distillation, including "alcohol of wine", the distilled essence of wine. *Libavius in Alchymia (1594) has ''vini alcohol vel vinum alcalisatum''. *Johnson (1657) glosses alcohol ''vini as quando omnis superfluitas vini a vino separatur, ita ut accensum ardeat donec totum consumatur, nihilque fæcum aut phlegmatis in fundo remaneat''. The word's meaning became restricted to "spirit of wine" (ethanol) in the 18th century, and was again extended to the family of substances so called in modern chemistry from 1850. According to Rachel Hajar,the classical Arabic term for alcohol is {{term|sc=Arab|الغول|tr=al-ġūl|lang=ar}}or {{term|sc=Arab|غول|tr=ġūl|lang=ar}},as used in Qur’an verse [[s:The_Holy_Qur%27an/As-Saaffat#37:47|37:47]][[s:ar:سورة الصافات|Arabic]]),there written {{Arab|غَوْلٌ}} and transmitted by mis-pronunciation. <ref>[http://www.worldandi.com/specialreport/2001/november/Sa21530.htm Etymology of Alcohol]</ref> ===Pronunciation=== * {{a|UK}} {{IPA|/ˈælkəhɒl/}}, {{SAMPA|/"{lk@hQl/}} * {{a|US}} {{IPA|/ˈælkəhɔl/}}, {{SAMPA|/"{lk@hOl/}} * {{audio|en-us-alcohol.ogg|Audio (US)}} * {{audio|En-uk-alcohol.ogg|Audio (UK)}} ===Noun=== {{en-noun|s|-}} # {{organic chemistry|countable}} Any of a [[class]] of [[organic]] [[compounds]] (such as [[ethanol]]) containing a [[hydroxyl]] [[functional group]] (-OH). # {{uncountable}} An [[intoxicating]] [[beverage]] made by the [[fermentation]] of [[sugar]] or sugar-containing material. ====Related terms==== * [[alcoholic]] * [[alcoholism]] * [[low-alcohol]] * [[non-alcoholic]] * [[nonalcoholic]] * [[sexaholic]] * [[-holism]] ====Translations==== {{trans-top|organic chemistry sense}} * [[Afrikaans]]: {{t-|af|alkohol|xs=Afrikaans}} * Arabic: {{t-|ar|كحول|m|tr=kuHuul}} * Armenian: {{t-|hy|ալկոհոլ|tr=alkohol}}, {{t-|hy|սպիրտ|tr=spirt}} * Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|алкохол}} * Chinese: *: Mandarin: {{t-|cmn|酒精|tr=jiǔjīng|sc=Hani}} * Croatian: {{t+|hr|alkohol|m}} * Czech: {{t+|cs|alkohol|m}} * Danish: {{t+|da|alkohol}} * Dutch: {{t+|nl|alcohol|m}} * Estonian: {{t-|et|alkohol}} * Finnish: {{t+|fi|alkoholi}} * French: {{t+|fr|alcool|m}} * Georgian: {{t|ka|ალკოჰოლი|tr=alkoholi|sc=Geor|xs=Georgian}} * German: {{t+|de|Alkohol|m}} * Greek: {{t+|el|αλκοόλη|f|tr=alkoóli}} {{trans-mid}} * [[Haitian Creole]]: {{tø|ht|alkòl}} * Hungarian: {{t+|hu|alkohol}} * Indonesian: {{t+|id|alkohol|xs=Indonesian}} * Italian: {{t+|it|alcolico|m}} * Japanese: {{t+|ja|アルコール|tr=arukōru}} * Korean: {{t+|ko|알코올|tr=alkool|sc=Hang}}, {{t+|ko|알콜|tr=alkol|sc=Hang}} * Polish: {{t+|pl|alkohol|m}} * Portuguese: {{t|pt|álcool|m}} * Russian: {{t+|ru|спирт|m|tr=spirt}}, {{t+|ru|алкоголь|m|tr=alkogól’}} * [[Scottish Gaelic]]: {{t-|gd|alcol|m|xs=Scottish Gaelic}} * Slovene: {{t+|sl|alkohol|m}} * [[Sotho]]: {{t+|st|tahi|xs=Sotho}} * Spanish: {{t+|es|alcohol|m}} * Swedish: {{t+|sv|alkohol|c}} * Turkish: {{t+|tr|alkol}} {{trans-bottom}} {{trans-top|intoxicating beverage}} * [[Afrikaans]]: {{t-|af|alkohol|xs=Afrikaans}} * Arabic: {{t-|ar|كحول|m|tr=kuHuul}} * Armenian: {{t-|hy|ալկոհոլ|tr=alkohol}}, {{t-|hy|սպիրտ|tr=spirt}} * Bulgarian: {{t-|bg|спирт}}, {{t+|bg|алкохол}} * Cherokee: {{t-|chr|ᎠᎹ ᎠᏑᏴᏗ ᏫᏍᎩ|tr=ama asuyvdi wisgi|sc=Cher|xs=Cherokee}} * Chinese: *: Mandarin: {{t-|cmn|酒|tr=jiǔ|sc=Hani}} * Croatian: {{t+|hr|alkohol|m}} * Czech: {{t+|cs|alkohol|m}} * Danish: {{t+|da|alkohol}} * Dutch: [[#Dutch|alcohol]] {{m}}, [[alcoholische drank]] {{m}}, [[sterke drank]] {{m}} * Esperanto: {{t-|eo|alkoholo|xs=Esperanto}} * Estonian: {{t-|et|alkohol}} * Finnish: {{t+|fi|alkoholi}} * French: {{t+|fr|alcool|m}} * Georgian: {{t|ka|სპირტი|tr=spirti|sc=Geor|xs=Georgian}} * German: {{t+|de|Alkohol|m}}; {{t|de|Weingeist}} {{qualifier|old}}, {{t|de|Branntwein}} {{qualifier|juristic}} * Greek: {{t+|el|οινόπνευμα|n|tr=inópnevma}}, {{t+|el|αλκοόλ|n|tr=alkoól}} * Hebrew: {{t-|he|אלכוהול|m|alt=אַלְכּוֹהוֹל|tr=alkohol}} {{trans-mid}} * Hungarian: {{t+|hu|alkohol}} * Icelandic: {{t+|is|áfengi|n}} * [[Ido]]: {{t+|io|alkoholo|xs=Ido}} * Indonesian: {{t+|id|alkohol|xs=Indonesian}} * Irish: {{t|ga|alcól|m|xs=Irish}} * Italian: {{t+|it|alcol|m}} * Japanese: {{t+|ja|アルコール|tr=arukōru}}, {{t+|ja|酒|tr=さけ, sake}} * Korean: {{t-|ko|술|tr=sul|sc=Hang}}, {{t+|ko|알코올|tr=alkool|sc=Hang}}, {{t+|ko|알콜|tr=alkol|sc=Hang}} * [[Lao]]: {{t-|lo|ເຫລົ້າ|tr=lao|sc=Laoo|xs=Lao}} * Polish: {{t+|pl|alkohol|m}} * Portuguese: {{t|pt|álcool|m}} * Russian: {{t+|ru|алкоголь|m|tr=alkogól’}}, {{t|ru|алкогольный напиток|m|tr=alkogólnyj napítok}} * [[Scottish Gaelic]]: {{t-|gd|alcol|m|xs=Scottish Gaelic}}, {{t-|gd|deoch làidir|f|xs=Scottish Gaelic}} * Slovene: {{t+|sl|alkohol|m}} * [[Sotho]]: {{t+|st|tahi|xs=Sotho}} * Spanish: {{t+|es|alcohol|m}} * Swedish: {{t+|sv|alkohol|c}}, {{t+|sv|sprit|c}} * Turkish: {{t+|tr|alkol}} {{trans-bottom}} {{checktrans-top}} * {{ttbc|Icelandic}}: [[vínandi]] {{m}} * {{ttbc|Kuna}}: [[#Kuna|alcohol]] {{checktrans-mid}} * {{ttbc|Persian}}: {{fa-Arab|[[الکل]]}} (alkol) * {{ttbc|Punjabi}}: [[ਸ਼ਰਾਬ]] (śarāb), [[ਦਾਰੂ]] (d''ārū'') * {{ttbc|Slovak}}: [[alkohol]] {{m}} {{checktrans-bottom}} ===References=== <references/> [[Category:Alcoholic beverages]] ---- ==Dutch== ===Pronunciation=== * {{audio|Nl-alcohol.ogg|audio}} ===Noun=== {{nl-noun|g=m|alcoholen|dim=*}} # {{organic chemistry|lang=nl}} {{countable}} [[#English|Alcohol]] # {{uncountable}} [[#English|Alcohol]] ====Related terms==== * [[alcoholisch]] * [[alcoholisme]] {{n}}, [[alcoholist]] {{m}} ====Synonyms==== * (''beverage'') [[sterke drank]] [[Category:nl:Organic chemistry]] [[Category:nl:Recreational drugs]] ---- ==French== ===Noun=== {{fr-noun|m}} # {{rare}} {{alternative spelling of|[[alcool]]}} ---- ==Spanish== ===Pronunciation=== * {{IPA|/al'kol/|lang=es}} ===Noun=== {{es-noun-m|plural=alcoholes}} # [[#English|Alcohol]] [[Category:es:Organic chemistry]] [[Category:es:Recreational drugs]] [[ar:alcohol]] [[zh-min-nan:alcohol]] [[de:alcohol]] [[et:alcohol]] [[el:alcohol]] [[es:alcohol]] [[fa:alcohol]] [[fr:alcohol]] [[gl:alcohol]] [[ko:alcohol]] [[hy:alcohol]] [[io:alcohol]] [[id:alcohol]] [[it:alcohol]] [[kn:alcohol]] [[csb:alcohol]] [[kk:alcohol]] [[sw:alcohol]] [[ku:alcohol]] [[hu:alcohol]] [[ml:alcohol]] [[my:alcohol]] [[nl:alcohol]] [[ja:alcohol]] [[pl:alcohol]] [[pt:alcohol]] [[ru:alcohol]] [[simple:alcohol]] [[fi:alcohol]] [[sv:alcohol]] [[ta:alcohol]] [[te:alcohol]] [[th:alcohol]] [[tr:alcohol]] [[uk:alcohol]] [[vi:alcohol]] [[zh:alcohol]]
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